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Mini-Course: How to Speak Pashto - Lesson 4 - Present Tense First Person

When you are starting your journey on how to learn Pashto, the very first thing you need to master is the "identity" ending. In the KPK dialect , especially the way we speak in Kohat , the verb usually comes at the very end of the sentence. This is where the rules of Yam and Yu come into play. The word Yam (یم) is used exclusively for yourself. Whenever you start a sentence with " Za " (meaning I), you must finish it with "Yam." It functions like the word "am" in English. For instance, if you want to tell someone you are fine, you say "Za kha yam." Whether you are hungry, tired, or happy, as long as you are talking about yourself, "Yam" is your anchor. It is a simple pattern that builds immediate confidence in your speaking ability. On the other hand, we have Yu (یو). This is the plural form used when you are talking as a group. In our culture, the "we" is often more important than the "I...

The Global Tech Landscape: A Snapshot

The tech industry is eating the world. Despite the meltdown and recession globally, the tech industry is witnessing a surge. Startup culture is taking root in different parts of the world besides the silicone valley. Let's see some of the emerging technology hubs around the globe 🌍. 



An illustration showing global tech landscape


It's a glaring fact that the US is the biggest tech hub in the world 🌎. With several decacorns and even hectocorns, the US is leading the pack. The FAANG companies are headquartered in the US. However, other tech hubs are in metamorphosis in countries like England, Ireland, Sweden, Singapore, India, the Philippines, Hong Kong, China, Turkey, and Pakistan.

Companies like Deliveroo and Revolut have gained recognition recently in England. Asia is emerging as a lethal force in the tech industry. India and China with their large markets are leading the pack. China has several unicorns 🦄 e.g., Ali Baba, Baidu, ByteDance (the parent company of TikTok), with other 300+ unicorns. Hong Kong is famous for its Fintech landscape. India is trailing behind with unicorns like Flipkart, Paytm, and Zomato. Singapore has Grab and Sea Limited.

Europe 🌍 too is putting the hat in the ring. With its attractive financial policies, Ireland has produced 🦄 unicorns like Stripes. Spain has Zara while Sweden has the likes of Spotify and Klarna. Spotify has disrupted the music industry for good. 

While the US, Europe, and Asia dominate the headlines, other regions are also showing promise. Countries like the Philippines, with its growing e-commerce sector, and Pakistan, with its increasing interest in tech startups, are on the rise. 

Pakistan has one of the largest mobile phone user bases with over 190m subscribers. and mobile service providers also offer mobile banking and Fintech products such as JazzCash and Easypaisa. Software houses are providing services to global industries. Startup culture is on the rise and hopefully, we'll soon see Pakistani unicorns, God willing. 

The global tech landscape is becoming increasingly competitive and interesting. As technology grows, we can expect to see even more exciting developments from these and other regions around the world. 



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